What is the highest effective voltage between any conductor and the ground called?

The highest effective voltage between any conductor and the ground is referred to as "Voltage to Ground." This term specifically denotes the maximum voltage level that can be measured from a conductor to the earth or ground potential. Understanding this concept is crucial in electrical engineering, especially in substation design and safety, as it helps in assessing the risk of electric shock and ensuring the protection of equipment and personnel. It emphasizes the relationship between conductors and the ground, providing a basis for grounding design and fault conditions.

The other terms, while related to electrical concepts, do not accurately describe the specific measurement of voltage between a conductor and the ground. Ground Potential Difference typically refers to the voltage difference between two ground points, while Electrical Surge Voltage indicates peak voltages that can occur during transient conditions such as lightning strikes. Ground Resistance Voltage is not a recognized standard term and does not align with the defined measurements of voltage in relation to ground.