What do transformers do in a substation?

Transformers in a substation primarily serve the crucial function of stepping voltage up or down. This function is essential for the efficient transmission and distribution of electricity over long distances. High voltage is used for transmission to reduce energy loss as heat in the conductors, while lower voltages are utilized for distribution to end users to ensure safety and compatibility with consumer equipment.

When electricity is generated, it is usually at a certain voltage level. To transport this electricity through the grid, transformers step up the voltage to a much higher level. This higher voltage allows for more efficient movement of electricity, as it minimizes resistive losses. At the receiving end, another transformer steps the voltage back down to a safe level suitable for delivery to homes and businesses.

While it's true that other components in substations play roles in protecting equipment and managing circuits, the principal task of transformers is specifically related to voltage management, which is why the correct answer highlights their role in stepping voltage up or down.